I Wish Everyone Would Ponder Our Ancient Origins, Not Current Religion
Archaeologists continue to find artifacts that tell at least a little about our very ancient origins. To me, our ancient history was about how to find enough food and not be eaten by animals. Mixed in was how to not be killed by rival humans or rival pre humans. These, in turn, gave the ancients their religious beliefs.
Some finds I read about involved skulls and stone tools found together. That they were found together, of course, suggests the tools belonged to the people of the skulls. I use the term "suggests" because that is all we know. These date back, not the 2-300,000 years it is believed being similar to ourselves have existed, but over 1 1/2 million years. We need to remind ourselves that the thread of beliefs that ended in Christianity started maybe 5,000 years ago and other world religions further back or more recent. That is, they are recent.
The link is about the stone technology that existed 1 1/2 million years ago. Those pre humans had figured out how to crack stones. This involved recognizing the faults in a stone then knowing which stone were harder than the one being broken. The earliest ones were held in the hand and killed animals, skinned and butchered them. Later stones with handles were made so leverage was better. All these improved the standard of living by making it possible to produce more food, clothing and housing during each hour of work.
Scholars who read the most ancient writing and those who interview societies which use the most primitive technologies find the religions people have is most affected by how the make their living. If a society needs rain it worships some kind of god that makes it rain. If they hunt animals for a living, same thing. I suppose we will never know the spiritual beliefs of those who made the stone tools.
The one god religion of the Jews was helped along by people who planted and harvested instead of previous societies that hunted and gathered. Sedentary agriculture is helped by division of labor and an organizational structure to manage it. One boss it better than several arguing among themselves.
One god goes well with one boss.
"Caesaropapism? vs. "My kingdom is not of this world".
ReplyDeleteAbout 500 years ago, the Portsmouth Compact was signed by 23 men in a declaration of their severance of religious and political ties with England.
ReplyDelete"We whose names are underwritten do here solemnly in the presence of Jehovah incorporate ourselves into a bodie politick and as He shall help, will submit our persons, lives and estates unto our Lord Jesus Christ, the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, and to all those perfect and most absolute lawes of His given us in His Holy Word of truth, to be guided and judged thereby."
Who was it that said America was not founded as a Christian nation?
Matt "Who was it that said America was not founded as a Christian nation?"
DeleteI did and maybe thousands of historians. You left out that several constitutions of the states declared Christian nationalism. This latter proves participants in the Constitutional Convention knew how to write in Christianity as the national religion. For whatever reasons, they did not. Perhaps one could say, I'm not a historian, there was a love/hate relationship with Christianity. England had Christianity as a national religion. The Queen was (is) head of the church. Leaders in the U.S. associated a state religion with royalty and they hated royalty.
I've told this before here. In "The Summer of 1797" the author were over the notes taken by James Madison during that summer of hammering out the Constitution. He also read letters participants sent to others. Making Christianity the nation's religion was not on their agenda. At one point Benjamin Franklin suggested the group start each morning with a prayer. This was voted down. One of the most opposed was Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton went onto to campaign for ratification. During that period he wrote campaign tracts saying Christianity was embedded silently in the founding document. That way, it was left out but used for political purposes later.
*Maybe* thousands of historians.
DeleteI left a great deal out. I'd cut and paste but you reserved that privelege only to yourself.
The country was founded as a Christian nation, just not any particular denomination. Catholics were certainly not welcome as part of the early governments. JFK broke that glass ceiling after almost 200 years.
You look pretty ignorant or stupid when you state it was not founded as a Christian nation. You seem to equate "state religion" with Christianity which is a grave error, mistake or purposeful deception. The first Americans did not want a King or Queen sitting on a throne which they believed was granted to them by God. They wanted a government which was democratic (citizen elected) but republican (elected representatives) in nature.
People from every religion could vote. People who didn't believe could vote. Only minors, slaves and women could not vote. The nation changed our sexist practices and women started voting in the 20th century. Slaves were no longer slaves and became voting citizens.
In God We Trust. One nation, under God, with liberty and justice for all. Read the lyrics of the Battle Hymn of the Republic.
You claim thousands of historians. I claim the founding documents and writings of the time. I claim historians (thousands, tens of thousands, etc.) which fairly analyze the question and respond accordingly in their conclusions.
You complain about the inclusion of religion in government, from its founding, and batter our government over it all the time. Atheists will always be welcome as citizens and elected representatives. You are entitled to your own opinions but not your conflicting "facts".
DeleteReligious Affiliation of U.S. Founding Fathers # of Founding Fathers % of Founding Fathers
Episcopalian/Anglican 88 54.7%
Presbyterian 30 18.6%
Congregationalist 27 16.8%
Quaker 7 4.3%
Dutch Reformed/German Reformed 6 3.7%
Lutheran 5 3.1%
Catholic 3 1.9%
Huguenot 3 1.9%
Unitarian 3 1.9%
Methodist 2 1.2%
Calvinist 1 0.6%
TOTAL 204
Excerpts from: https://wallbuilders.com/founding-fathers-jesus-christianity-bible/
DeleteCongress, 1854
The great, vital, and conservative element in our system is the belief of our people in the pure doctrines and the divine truths of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
George Washington
JUDGE; MEMBER OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS;
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY;
PRESIDENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION;
FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES; “FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY”
You do well to wish to learn our arts and ways of life, and above all, the religion of Jesus Christ. These will make you a greater and happier people than you are.121
While we are zealously performing the duties of good citizens and soldiers, we certainly ought not to be inattentive to the higher duties of religion. To the distinguished character of Patriot, it should be our highest glory to add the more distinguished character of Christian.
The blessing and protection of Heaven are at all times necessary but especially so in times of public distress and danger. The General hopes and trusts that every officer and man will endeavor to live and act as becomes a Christian soldier, defending the dearest rights and liberties of his country.
I now make it my earnest prayer that God would… most graciously be pleased to dispose us all to do justice, to love mercy, and to demean ourselves with that charity, humility, and pacific temper of the mind which were the characteristics of the Divine Author of our blessed religion.
Matt--re: Remarks of Washington
DeleteYes, there is that material from a speech. And that from other speeches of his. There are speeches from Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Hamilton. There are even thing Thomas Jefferson said and he went to a church on Sundays. I have six or eight books on my shelf about all this.
If there is a consensus about this from all of what I have read, and this precedes my starting this blog, it would be something like this. There were a few very religious people, a few very not religious. There were more who were deists, believing there was a god but unsure it was the Christian God. Most thought people behaved better if religion was present. Thus, in speeches they encouraged religion.
Three of the most famous people were Washington, Hamilton and Franklin. Washington dislike communion so much he left services before it. Hamilton argued against morning prayers at the Continental Congress presumably because he thought they had no place there. Years before, Franklin wrote a series of articles about his belief each planet had a god. They are still around to read.
In the end, they did not put a Christian God in the Constitution. If they had intended for the U.S. to be "a Christian nation" they would have done this. All the chest-beating remarks from speeches you want to post here don't change a thing.
Matt, P.S. And then there was the Treaty of Tripoli discussed here years ago. The second President, John Adams, wrote the Treaty which was signed by Tripoli that included the phrase, " the United States is in no way a Christian nation." This came about in the early days of Adams administration so it is widely thought Washington actually wrote it. It was passed by both the Senate and House without a dissenting vote.
DeleteI'll just repeat, there are speeches made by politicians at that time, letters to grandchildren, etc etc extolling Christianity in the U.S. But, it never was and is not today a "Christian nation." They had the opportunity to make it a Christian nation but took a pass.
The Treaty of Tripoli has nothing to do with how the USA was founded. It is the one shred of documentation that you always fall back on to somehow claim your anti-Christian founding.
DeleteLet's look at the facts and try to figure this out logically. Was the USA founded on Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Taoist or other religions? No. Was the USA founded on atheist values - whatever those are? Was it founded on what we would find in Gender, Transgender, Minority studies found in our modern universities? That leaves Judaism and Christian foundations of the country, sometimes referred to as Judaeo-Christian values, i.e. Old Testament and New Testament values which are the bedrock of a civilized, democratic society, i.e. not perfect but far better than anything else on earth.
DeleteCry as you might, the USA was founded on Judaeo-Christian values. It's all over our history.
Matt "That leaves Judaism and Christian foundations of the country...Judaeo-Christian values.."
DeleteYou are so limited in understanding how to approach problems/questions in the realm of the social sciences. You make a huge assumption here but never acknowledge it. You assume, but do not state, that there has to be a religious basis for our founding fathers. Another assumption available is there need not be a religious basis. It is possible to write the founding documents without a any religious foundation. That is what they did.
Now, a good question is, were they religious men in general or, in general, were they not religious? In all that I have read about them I think a good generalization is we cannot understand what their collective views on religion was. As you point out, almost all of them belonged to some branch the the Christian faith. But, did it mean much to them?
But, they did not put the Christian faith into the Constitution. The skeleton of "minutes" taken by James Madison over those months shows they spent most of their time in the summer of 1797 trying to figure out what to do about slavery. The slave states wanted each slave to represent on citizen just like white people. That would give them more members in the House. The non slave states said no, they are not citizens but possessions like your mules. Both side wanted the Constitutional Convention to be successful but both wanted a better deal in it. The point is, they didn't make the U.S. a Christian nation because religion wasn't really very important to them.
If you can point to the place in the Constitution that says, "Christianity is the official religion of the United States of America" then you have something to base your argument on. Otherwise you are just hot air.
I took my share of social "science" courses and did not own observations into the realm of folks in psychology, sociology and anthropology. Most explored far-flung theories and used even further-flung, somewhat relevant facts to support them. Of course, the conflicting facts were dismissed because they didn't support the agenda of the social "scientist".
DeleteIn your world I am dismissed as "just hot air"; a badge of honor coming from you.
As further proof of the JC (Judaeo-Christian) founding of this country, let's examine the names of our cities. Are they Islamic names? Buddhist names? No, they are widely names of former cities in England and Catholic/Christian saints.
For example:
1. St. Augustine, FL
Founded September 1565 by Florida’s first governor Pedro Menendez de Aviles in honor of the day his ships first landed, St. Augustine’s feast day, August 28th.
2. Ave Maria, FL
Founded 2005 by the Ave Maria Development Co. & Tom Monaghan, founder of Domino’s Pizza.
3. San Antonio, TX
Founded officially in 1718, but named in 1691 on the feast of St. Anthony of Padua, June 13th.
4. Saint Louis, MO
Founded 1764 and named in honor of St. Louis IX and the current king at the time, Louis XV of France.
5. St. Paul, MN
Founded in 1854 and named in honor of Paul the Apostle by Fr. Lucien Galtier.
6. St. Anne, IL
Founded circa 1851 by French Canadian priest Charles Chiniquy who later was excommunicated and subsequently left the Catholic Church to become a protestant minister. He hired Abraham Lincoln to defend him at one point. Named after the mother of our Mother.
7. St. Leon, IN
Founded in 1852 when a post office was established and most likely named after St. Leon Bembo.
8. Sault Ste. Marie, MI (“St. Mary’s Rapids”)
Founded in 1668 and named by French Jesuit Missionaries. It is the oldest settlement in Michigan and third oldest European city in the US west of the Appalachian Mountains.
9. St. Clair, MI
Founded March 28, 1820. Takes it’s name from the St. Clair River which takes it’s name from Lake St. Clair named by French explorers in the 17th century which was named after Clare of Assisi because it was discovered on her feast day in 1679.
10. St. Ignace, MI
Founded in 1671 as a mission by the French explorer and priest, Fr. Jacques Marquette and named after St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits. It is the second oldest European settlement in the US west of the Appalachians.
11. St. Joseph, MI
Founded 1829 as Newburyport on the St. Joseph River. Renamed St. Joseph in 1834 when it was incorporated.
12. St. Joseph, MO
Founded in 1843 by Joseph Robidoux and named for St. Joseph. It’s slogan is “Where the Pony Express started and Jesse James ended.”
13. St. Peters, MO
Founded in 1791 and named after a Spanish Jesuit mission previously established in the location of the current town.
14. St. Thomas, MO
Founded in the late 1800s and named after Thomas the Apostle.
15. St. Charles, MO
Founded in 1791 and named after St. Charles Borromeo. Originally called “San Carlos del Misuri” by the Spanish settlers. Had a heavy French population. San Carlos was anglicized to St. Charles in 1812 when it was reorganized as one of the five original counties of Missouri.
16. St. Croix Falls, WI
Founded circa 1793. Popularly thought to have received its name from Fr. Hennepin, a Flemish missionary to the Dakota Indians and one of the first white men to visit the area in 1680. St. Croix means “Holy Cross.”
17. St. Francis, WI
It takes its name from St. Francis Seminary founded by Archbishop John Henni, first archbishop of Milwaukee. The seminary was named after St. Francis de Sales. The current city was formed in 1951.
18. St. Cloud, MN
Founded in 1856 and named after Saint-Cloud, France near Paris. This city was named after St. Clodoald, a 6th century monk.
19. St. Martin, MN
Founded in 1866 and named after St. Martin of Tours, a 4th century bishop of France.
20. St. Stephen, MN
Founded in 1858 and named after the first Christian martyr.
21. St. Ansgar, IA
DeleteFounded in 1853. Named after the patron saint of Scandinavia, St. Ansgar, who was a French Benedictine monk responsible for Christianizing much of Denmark, Sweden, and northern Germany between 830 & 850.
22. St. Donatus, IA
Founded in 1846. Named after a historic church within the town, St. Donatus of Muenstereifel. St. Donatus was an early Roman martyr from the second century. His relics were translated to Muenstereifel in the 1600s. Fr. Hennepin was also known to have passed through this area, giving it it’s original name “Tetes des Morts” or “heads of the dead” due to the many skulls littered around the area from an Indian battle.
23. St. John, KS
Founded in 1875 as “Zion Valley” by Mormons, renamed in 1879 after John P. St. John, then governor of Kansas, in order to win the county seat of Stafford County.
24. St. John, ND
Founded in 1882 and took it’s name from a parish in Quebec where a local missionary hailed from. The parish was obviously named after St. John the Apostle.
25. St. Francis, SD
Founded in 1886. Took it’s name from the St. Francis Indian School named after Francis of Assisi.
26. St. Lawrence, SD
Founded in 1881. Named after the St. Lawrence River which was named after St. Lawrence due to its discovery by Jacques Cartier on St. Lawrence’s feast day.
27. St. Edward, NE
Founded in 1871 as Beaver, then Waterville. In 1872, renamed by the St. Edward Land and Emigrant Company of South Bend, IN. It was named after the Rev. Edward Sorin of Notre Dame.
28. San Juan, TX
Founded in 1909. The name comes from the deep devotion the people of the area had for St. John the Baptist.
29. St. Ignatius, MT
Founded originally as a mission by Fr. De Smet and Fr. Hoecken in 1854. It was named after St. Ignatius of Loyola.
30. San Luis, CO
Founded April 9, 1851. It is Colorado’s oldest continuously occupied community. It was named after St. Louis IX.
31. Santa Fe, NM
Founded in 1610. It’s full Spanish name is La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asis or in English “The Royal Town of the Holy Faith of St. Francis of Assisi.” So Santa Fe is actually named after St. Francis of Assisi and his deep faith.
32. Santa Rosa, NM
Founded in 1865 and changed its named to Santa Rosa in 1890 in honor of a local chapel to Santa Rosa named after St. Rose of Lima.
33. San Luis, AZ
Founded in 1930 and named for the town across the border in Mexico in the state of Sonora, San Luis Rio Colorado. It is named after St. Louis IX.
34. St. Johns, AZ
Founded in 1873. Either named for the first woman resident of the town, Maria San Juan Baca de Padilla, or because of St. John’s feast day.
35. St. Maries, ID
Founded in 1889 and established in 1913. It is named after the St. Maries and St. Joe Rivers in the St. Joe Valley. Named for St. Mary and St. Joseph.
36. St. Anthony, ID
Founded in 1890 and named after St. Anthony Falls, MN which was named after St. Anthony of Padua.
37. St. Joseph, OR
DeleteFounded circa 1870s and most likely named after St. Joseph, MO by the founder since he had spent time in western Missouri in Weston.
38. St. Louis, OR
Founded in 1845 by a Jesuit missionary, Fr. Aloysius Verecuysee, when he built a log church in the location for early settlers to worship there. Named in honor of St. Louis IX.
39. St. Paul, OR
Founded in 1838. Named after the St. Paul Mission founded by Archbishop Francois Norbert Blanchet to meet the needs of the Catholic settlers in the area. The mission was named after the apostle, Paul.
40. Los Angeles, CA
Founded September 4, 1781 and named El Pueblo de La Reina de Los Angeles or “The Town of the Queen of the Angels.” Other sources have the name as El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora de los Angeles de Porciuncula or “The Town of Our Lady of the Angels of Porciuncula.” Either way, the town is named for our Mother.
41. Sacramento, CA
Founded February 27, 1850. Named after the Sacramento River which was named Santisimo Sacramento or “Most Holy Sacrament” after the Eucharist.
42. San Bernardino, CA
Founded in 1810 by Franciscan Fr. Francisco Dumetz on May 20, the feast of St. Bernard of Siena.
43. San Clemente, CA
Named by Ole Hanson in 1925 after San Clemente Island which was named by Spaniard Vizcaino in 1602 after St. Clement whose feast coincided with his arrival on the island.
44. San Diego, CA
Founded as a fort and mission in 1769. In 1850, San Diego became county seat of San Diego county, California now being a US state. Named after St. Didacus (a.k.a. Diego de San Nicolas) of Alcala.
45. San Francisco, CA
Founded June 29, 1776 as the Mission of San Francisco de Asis. Also known as Mission Dolores since its close proximity to the creek, Our Lady of Sorrows.
46. San Luis Obispo, CA
Founded in 1772 by St. Junipero Serra, a Franciscan monk known for his great missionary work up and down California. San Luis Obispo was named for St. Louis, bishop of Toulouse.
47. San Juan Capistrano, CA
Founded on November 1, 1776 by St. Junipero Serra as a mission to indigenous people. It was named in honor of St. John of Capistrano.
48. St. Albans, VT
Founded August 17, 1763. Named after St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England which was named after the first British saint, Alban who lived in the 3rd or 4th century and was martyred for his faith.
49. St. Marys, PA
Founded on December 8, 1842 by Bavarian Latin-rite Catholics as “Marienstadt” or Mary’s City. It is home to the Straub Brewery and first Benedictine convent in the US.
50. St. Albans, WV
Founded in 1816. First named Philippi, then Colesmouth, then Kanawha City, and finally St. Albans in 1872 after St. Albans, VT. (See above).
51. St. Marys, WV
Founded in 1849 by Alexander Creel. Reportedly, he had a vision of the Virgin Mary while passing by the land on the Ohio River that would eventually become the town.
52. St. Regis Park, KY
Founded in 1953. Most likely named after St. John Francis Regis, a Jesuit priest.
53. St. Florian, AL
Founded in 1872. Fr. Hueser, director of the Homestead Society of Ohio, wanted to establish a Catholic presence in northwest Alabama. He sold acres of land the society had recently purchased to mostly German Catholics at a low price to encourage settlement. It was named after St. Florian, a Roman soldier, who was martyred in the early 4th century.
54. St. Marys, GA
Founded November 20, 1787. Named for our Lady.
55. Holy Cross, AK
Founded circa 1840s as Anilukhtakpak. In the 1880s a mission, Holy Cross, by Fr. Aloysius Robaut was begun in Askhomute, the new name of the town. In 1912, the name changed to Holy Cross after the mission. The school closed in 1956.
56. Saint Paul, AK
Located in the Aleutian Islands, St. Paul is the main city on St. Paul Island. The island was discovered in 1786. Settlements developed thereafter. No natives had actually lived on the island before being relocated by the Russians. Named after the apostle Paul.
Matt--Pages and pages of hot air.
DeleteMatt "The Treaty of Tripoli had nothing to do with how the country was founded."
DeleteIt was drafted between seven and eight years after the country was founded. Some in congress who approved it were in Philadelphia during the Constitution Convention. It is believed George Washington wrote it. He chaired the Constitutional Convention. I think if the President, John Adams, and all members of Congress did not think the U.S. is a Christian nation it is good evidence it is not.
Matt writes in his 1:21 PM, “You [Jon] look pretty ignorant or stupid ...”. To lighten the mood as Matt tightly weaves a warp of religion with a weft of politics into the synthetic moral fabric he uses to cloak, not cloak, to legitimize, his insufferable ego, I give you:
ReplyDeleteI, a prehistoric person cowering at the mouth of a cave, soaked in acid rain, shivering cold to the bone, frightened and puzzled by the power, noise, and visual display of a violent storm, as volcanoes spewing molten lava and poisonous gas generate fearsome bolts of volcanic lightning, my misery’s mystery unfolds, those mystical majesties, the mountain god and sky god are angry with me. From some deep dark recess comes that inner voice again, “The mountain god and sky god are one”. “Rejoice!” Piss off mate I says. ; -)
Isn't this exchange getting a little far afield? isn't it obvious that the US was a Christian country in the sense that Christianity, mostly in some Calvinistic guise, was by far the majority religion at the founding. What the founders backed off from was making it the country's OFFICIAL religion. and yes, speeches favoring Christianity may have been cynical, merely playing to the audience. or they may have been sincere. or some combination of both. who knows? what I think to be likely, tho' is that many of the founders were classicists of a sort, believing in a Republic of Virtue, i.e. Aristotleans. some have argued that they may even have been influenced by Aquinas, Hooker and others of a similar vein. Clearly most of them were natural law thinkers. Finally, here is a thought to raise the hairs on the back of Jon's neck: if Washington in fact took his leave before the Anglican Eucharistic rite, it may have been because he had Catholic sympathies. I don't believe that but there are people that do.
ReplyDeleteUnknown "..believing in a Republic of Virtue.."
DeleteI think you are closer than is Matt. I had exchanges that went on for days with a devout Catholic about this on another site. He concluded that we really cannot understand the views popular at the time of the founding fathers. I agree with that.
I have a book about religion in the last half of the 1700's and first half of the 1800's. The historian combed though available news paper accounts as to what was going on in communities over that long period. She concluded it was a period far more secular than any period since the middle of the 1800's. There many societies like today's atheists and freethinkers, festivals about secularism, public debates, politicians claiming non belief, etc. Some of this must have continued on into the end of the 1800's. A block from me is a major street call Ingersoll Avenue. It is named after Robert Ingersoll, (1833-1899). He was famous as an orator and politician espousing agnosticism. No agnostic has a street named after him today.
There is a reason the founding fathers did not make the U.S. a "Christian nation." They did not want it to be one.
Unknown: Yes, it is obvious as you state. Given what you have painted as the backdrop to the founding (around the time of 1776, not the 200 years leading up to 1776), it is clear that voters would no more vote for a Muslim or atheist candidate for President than they would chop off their right hand. Only those candidates who talked and walked the Christian life were acceptable. There was a belief that what was missing from English rule was the Crown. No more rule by King and Queen, regardless of their Christian purity, but my laws enacted by representative. No more official religion but an umbrella of Christian faith; regardless of the minor exclusions. Certainly, an atheist would have been viewed as a camel whose nose entered the tent. Regardless, any white male of voting age could vote. Or was it only land-owners in those earliest of days? The thinking about women and racial minorities have dramatically evolved over time, both for the good.
DeleteIndeed, America was and is a Christian nation. The "is" is more a reference to where we started and what our laws are based upon. However, their is general consensus that "Thou Shalt Not Steal" is good law regardless of one's religion or lack thereof. "Thou Shalt no commit adultery" appears to be thrown to the wind, much to the decay of the decay of the backbone of America. I've never known a divorce that was no one's fault. Of course, we are about to turn the corner on "Thou Shalt not murder" when Roe v Wade is abolished.
Faith is freely given and freely rejected or accepted. It is not a matter of civil law. The founding fathers and mothers believed in a strong Christian nation; just not one mandated by law. Regardless, Episcopals vastly outnumbered Catholics and Lutherans but could not rule if they made enemies of all other Christians. But I don't believe they wanted to make the official church of America the Anglican Church.
no they obviously didn't a Church of America, something akin to the Church of England. BTW didn't a member of the Supreme Court say that this is a Christian nation in ruling against the Mormons during the polygamy controversy in the late 19th century? maybe it was O.W Holmes who said it. now, in the "sprit" du jour, Utah is thinking about legalizing polygamy. why not?
Deletewhy does no one here discuss the Great Awakening? just before the Great Rebellion. many historians think that it might have contributed to the revolutionary attitudes of the colonies.
Delete